Indonesia is a country with vast natural beauty stretching from Sabang to Merauke, diversity of culture and tourism combined with the unique characteristics of each local community. One of sample of the cultural heritage of Indonesia is Architecture Traditional. The unique from Architecture Traditional of Indonesia because Indonesia has 33 provinces, each of Indonesia's ethnic groups has its own distinctive form of the traditional vernacular architecture of Indonesia, known as rumah adat.
Rumah adat or Custom House are at the centre of a web of customs, social relations, traditional laws, taboos, myths and religions that bind the villagers together. The house provides the main focus for the family and its community, and is the point of departure for many activities of its residents. Traditional Indonesian homes are not architect designed, rather villagers build their own homes, or a community will pool their resources for a structure built under the direction of a master builder and/or a carpenter.With few exceptions, the peoples of the Indonesian archipelago share a common Austronesian ancestry (originating in Taiwan, c. 6,000 years ago), and traditional homes of Indonesia share a number of characteristics such as timber construction, varied and elaborate roof structures. The earliest Austronesian structures were communal longhouses on stilts, with steep sloping roofs and heavy gables, as seen in the Rumah Adat Batak and the Torajan Tongkonan. Variations on the communal longhouse principle are found among the Dayak people of Borneo, as well as the Mentawai people in Nias Island.
 |
| Nias House : Longhouse and stilts |
 |
| Toraja Village |
Traditional dwellings have developed to respond to natural environmental conditions, particularly Indonesia's hot and wet monsoon climate. As is common throughout South East Asia and the South West Pacific, most rumah adat are built on stilts, with the exception of Java and Bali. Building houses off the ground on stilts serve a number of purposes: it allows breezes to moderate the hot tropical temperatures; it elevates the dwelling above stormwater runoff and mud; it allows houses to be built on rivers and wetland margins; it keeps people, goods and food from dampness and moisture; lifts living quarters above malaria-carrying mosquitos; and reduces the risk of dry rot and termites.
The sharply inclined roof allows the heavy tropical rain to quickly sheet off, and large overhanging eaves keep water out of the house and provide shade in the heat. In hot and humid low-lying coastal regions, homes can have many windows providing good cross-ventilation, whereas in cooler mountainous interior areas, homes often have a vast roof and few windows.
 |
| Padang Traditional House : Window details and decorative |
Some of the more significant and distinctive rumah adat base on each of Province in Indoenesia, for example:
1. Province Aceh
Acehnese traditional houses called "Rumoh Aceh". This custom home-type houses on stilts with 3 main sections and an additional part. Three main parts of Aceh is home seuramoë keuë (front porch), seuramoë Teungoh (central foyer) and seuramoë likot (back porch). While an additional part that is rumoh Dapu (home kitchen).
 |
| Rumah Aceh : Rumoh Aceh |
2. Province North Sumatra / Batak
Architecture of traditional houses found in various forms of ornamentation. In general, the form of building custom homes in the Batak indigenous group symbolizing "standing buffalo". It is even more clear to decorate the top of the roof with a buffalo head. The traditional house of the Batak, Batak Ruma, standing tall and stately, and still mostly found in Samosir.- Karo traditional house "Siwaluh Jabu" looks great and is higher in comparison with other custom homes. The roof is made of fibers and is usually coupled with the roofs of the smaller triangle is called a "ayo-ayo rumah" and "tersek". With soaring roof layers Karo's house has a distinctive shape compared with other traditional houses that have only one layer of roofing in North Sumatra. Read my next blog: Traditional House of North Sumatera
 | ||
| Batak Karo : Siwaluh Jabu |
- Batak Toba: Bolon, The form of custom homes in the area Simalungun quite attractive. Complex custom homes in the village of Ancient Causeway consists of several buildings that "house Bolon", Bolon hall, drying, abstinence hall need, and dimples. Read my next blog: Traditional House of North Sumatera
 |
| Batak Toba : Bolon |
- Nias Island: "Omo Niha", The shape and layout of the house type and type Gomo Moro. Home with the type of Moro, ovoid shape diagram. While the house type Gomo, schematics nearly a square, but contain curved lines. Nias construction of houses made of hard wood and sturdy. Poles are high, so people can get into under the house. Forms of traditional chief's house, the roof is dominant compared to other houses. Read my next blog: Traditional House Nias with Earthquake Resistant
 |
| Nias Island House : Omo Niha |
3. Province West Sumatra / Padang
The traditional house of West Sumatra, especially from ethnic Minangkabau called "Rumah Gadang". Usually built on a plot of land belonging to the parent family in the tribe / people are hereditary. Not far from gadang house complexes are usually also built a mosque that serves as a place of worship and residence of the adult male but not yet married.
Tower House is made rectangular and divided into two front and rear portion, generally made of wood, and a cursory look like a house on stilts with the roof shape of a typical, stand out like a buffalo horn, the local community and was formerly called gonjong roof is made from fibers before switching with a tin roof. Bagonjong house is inspired by the local community of legend, which tells of the arrival of their ancestors by boat from the sea. Another characteristic of this traditional house is not wearing metal spikes but the use of wooden pegs, yet powerful enough as a binder.
Tower House is made rectangular and divided into two front and rear portion, generally made of wood, and a cursory look like a house on stilts with the roof shape of a typical, stand out like a buffalo horn, the local community and was formerly called gonjong roof is made from fibers before switching with a tin roof. Bagonjong house is inspired by the local community of legend, which tells of the arrival of their ancestors by boat from the sea. Another characteristic of this traditional house is not wearing metal spikes but the use of wooden pegs, yet powerful enough as a binder.
 |
| Rumah Gadang |
4. Province Riau
Traditional House : Rumah melayu selaso jatuh kembar (Rumah Lancang)
5. Province Riau Islands
6. Province Jambi
7. Province South Sumatra / Palembang
8. Province Lampung
9. Province Bengkulu
10. Province Bangka-Belitung Islands
11. Province DKI Jakarta
13. Province Banten
 |
| Rumah Lancang |
Traditional House : Rumah Selaso Jatuh Kembar (Rumah Belah Bubung)
 |
| Rumah belah bubung |
Traditional House : Rumah Panjang
 |
| Rumah Panjang |
The house is a wooden stage. In terms of architecture, the wooden houses were called Rumah Limas / pyramid house because of the shape of a pyramid roof. Inherent nature of South Sumatra with fresh water, be it wetlands and rivers, people build houses on stilts. Sungai .Musi on the banks of the pyramid there is still a house overlooking the river entrance.
There are two types of pyramid house in South Sumatra, the pyramid was built houses with floors of different heights and are parallel. Limas house whose floor level is often called a pit house. House building pyramid using unglen or merbau wood is waterproof. The walls are made of wooden planks arranged upright. For up to the house pyramid made of two wooden terraces from the left and right. Part of the terrace house is usually surrounded by a wooden fence called tenggalung barred. Philosophical meaning behind the wooden fence that is to hold that girls are not out of the house.
Part of the room walls are decorated with carved floral motifs are painted with golden color. Not infrequently, the owner uses the tin and gold carvings and antique chandeliers as an accessory. Golden yellow color of paint that will be retained as distinct from Palembang. In addition to wood carvings, decorative carved cabinets along the walls of a confirmation of the guest room
There are two types of pyramid house in South Sumatra, the pyramid was built houses with floors of different heights and are parallel. Limas house whose floor level is often called a pit house. House building pyramid using unglen or merbau wood is waterproof. The walls are made of wooden planks arranged upright. For up to the house pyramid made of two wooden terraces from the left and right. Part of the terrace house is usually surrounded by a wooden fence called tenggalung barred. Philosophical meaning behind the wooden fence that is to hold that girls are not out of the house.
Part of the room walls are decorated with carved floral motifs are painted with golden color. Not infrequently, the owner uses the tin and gold carvings and antique chandeliers as an accessory. Golden yellow color of paint that will be retained as distinct from Palembang. In addition to wood carvings, decorative carved cabinets along the walls of a confirmation of the guest room
 |
| Limas House |
Traditional House : Nuwo sesat
 |
| Nuwo Sesat |
Traditional House : Rumah bubungan lima (Rumah Rakyat)
 |
| Bubungan Lima House |
Rumah Adat Tradisional : Rumah rakit/Rumah Gede
Physical form and function of the physical form of traditional house traditional house Belitong very simple, is home Panggong; houses supported by wooden poles the best choice. All the building materials made of wood up to the roof, called the shingles of buildings divided into three parts, patio room, living room or main, buffer space, and space is public space belakang.Ruang terrace; like a living room so the things that not so important can be discussed here, even when the royal officials to watch the show on the Rumah Gede will always be sitting here.
 |
| Rumah Rakit |
Traditional House : Rumah kebaya
Read my next blog: Traditional House of DKI Jakarta / Betawi
12. Province West Java / Sunda
 |
| Kebaya House |
Traditional House : Kesepuhan
 |
| Kesepuhan House |
Traditional House : Kasepuhan
Famous for its religious heritage, Central Java has some notable religious buildings. The Borobudur and the Prambanan temple complexes are among the largest Buddhist and Hindu structures in the world. In general, a characteristic Javanese mosque doesn't have a dome as its roof but a Meru-like roof instead, which is reminiscent of a Hindu or Buddhist temple. The tower of the famous Mosque of Kudus resembles a Hindu-Javanese or Balinese temple more than a traditional Middle-Eastern mosque.
15. Province DI Yogyakarta
16. Province East Java / Surabaya
17. Province Bali
 |
| Kasepuhan House |
14. Province Central Java
Traditional House : Rumah joglo
The architecture of Central Java is characterised by the juxtaposition of the old and the new and a wide variety of architectural styles, the legacy of many successive influences by the Indians, the Persians and the Arabs, the Chinese, and the Europeans. In particular, northern coastal cities such as Semarang, Tegal and Pekalongan can boast fine colonial European architecture. The European and Chinese influence can be seen in Semarang's temple of Sam Poo Kong dedicated to Zheng He and the Domed Church built in 1753. The latter is the second oldest church in Java and the oldest in Central Java. Inland Surakarta, as a former capital, also has some fine European architecture.Famous for its religious heritage, Central Java has some notable religious buildings. The Borobudur and the Prambanan temple complexes are among the largest Buddhist and Hindu structures in the world. In general, a characteristic Javanese mosque doesn't have a dome as its roof but a Meru-like roof instead, which is reminiscent of a Hindu or Buddhist temple. The tower of the famous Mosque of Kudus resembles a Hindu-Javanese or Balinese temple more than a traditional Middle-Eastern mosque.
 |
| Kudus House |
Traditional House : Rumah Bangsal Kencono
 |
| Bangsal Kencono House |
Traditional House : Rumah joglo
 |
| Joglo House |
Bali house in accordance with the rules of Asta Kosala Kosali (the Vedas are the layout of rooms and buildings, like Feng Shui in Cultural China)
According to the philosophy of the Balinese people, the dynamism of life will be achieved when the realization of a harmonious relationship between aspects Pawongan, Palemahan and Parahyangan. For the construction of a house should include these aspects, or the so-called Tri Hita Karana. Pawongan are the occupants of the house. Palemahan means there must be good relations between residents and the environment.
In general, buildings or areas of traditional Balinese architecture is always filled with ornaments, carvings, tools, and the color. Decorative contain a certain sense of beauty as an expression of symbols and communication delivery. Decorative forms of fauna species also serve as ritual symbols are displayed in the sculpture.
Read my next blog; "The History of Traditional Architecture Balinese".
19. Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur / Kupang
20. Provinsi West Kalimantan / Pontianak
21. Provinsi Central Kalimantan / Palangka Raya
22. Provinsi South Kalimantan / Banjarmasin 
23. Provinsi East Kalimantan /Tenggarong
24. Provinsi North Sulawesi /Menado
26. Provinsi Central Sulawesi /Palu
27. Provinsi Southeast Sulawesi /Kendari
28. Province South Sulawesi /Ujung Pandang
According to the philosophy of the Balinese people, the dynamism of life will be achieved when the realization of a harmonious relationship between aspects Pawongan, Palemahan and Parahyangan. For the construction of a house should include these aspects, or the so-called Tri Hita Karana. Pawongan are the occupants of the house. Palemahan means there must be good relations between residents and the environment.
In general, buildings or areas of traditional Balinese architecture is always filled with ornaments, carvings, tools, and the color. Decorative contain a certain sense of beauty as an expression of symbols and communication delivery. Decorative forms of fauna species also serve as ritual symbols are displayed in the sculpture.
Read my next blog; "The History of Traditional Architecture Balinese".
 |
| Bali House |
18. Province Nusa Tenggara Barat / Lombok
Traditional House : Dalam loka samawa
 |
| Dalam loka samawa |
Traditional House : Sao ata mosa lakitana (Musalaki)
 |
| Musalaki House |
Traditional House : Rumah panjang
 |
| Panjang House |
Traditional House : Rumah bentang
 |
| Bentang House |
Traditional House : Rumah Banjar Bubungan Tinggi
23. Provinsi East Kalimantan /Tenggarong
Traditional House : Rumah lamin
24. Provinsi North Sulawesi /Menado
Traditional House : Rumah Pewaris
25. Provinsi Gorontalo
Traditional House : Rumah Dolohupa
26. Provinsi Central Sulawesi /Palu
Traditional House : Souraja / Rumah besar
27. Provinsi Southeast Sulawesi /Kendari
Traditional House : Laikas
28. Province South Sulawesi /Ujung Pandang
Traditional House : Tongkonan
The word 'Tongkonan' is derived from the Toraja word tongkon (‘to sit’). Tongkonan are the center of Torajan social life. The rituals associated with the tongkonan are important expressions of Torajan spiritual life, and therefore all family members are impelled to participate, because symbolically the tongkonan represents links to their ancestors and to living and future kin.
Read my Nrxt Blog; Traditional House of North Sulawesi
29. Province West Sulawesi / Mamuju
Traditional House : banua layuk
30. Province Maluku / Ambon
31. Province North Maluku
32. Province Irian Jaya / Papua
33. Province West Papua / ManokwariWest Papua has more than 300 indigenous tribes, as a group and live a nomadic life, or to move where. The traditional house has only one form of "Honai House", though different tribes, languages and lifestyles. Honai house built by wood and straw, that materials building are readily available in natural surroundings.
One Honai house, consisting of several families or single heads of households with multiple wifes and children. Home honai has circular form with a half of coconut-shaped roof. Also open space interior with 2 level, which on top level used as a bed.
Honai house has one door and small, it usually without windows and ventilation to safe from beast and keep the room temperature still warm. Center of the room there is a furnace that is used for cooking and for room heating. As well as a gathering place for families.
The word 'Tongkonan' is derived from the Toraja word tongkon (‘to sit’). Tongkonan are the center of Torajan social life. The rituals associated with the tongkonan are important expressions of Torajan spiritual life, and therefore all family members are impelled to participate, because symbolically the tongkonan represents links to their ancestors and to living and future kin.
Read my Nrxt Blog; Traditional House of North Sulawesi
29. Province West Sulawesi / Mamuju
Traditional House : banua layuk
30. Province Maluku / Ambon
Traditional House : Baileo
31. Province North Maluku
Traditional House : Sasadu
32. Province Irian Jaya / Papua
Traditional House : Rumah Honai
33. Province West Papua / Manokwari
One Honai house, consisting of several families or single heads of households with multiple wifes and children. Home honai has circular form with a half of coconut-shaped roof. Also open space interior with 2 level, which on top level used as a bed.
Honai house has one door and small, it usually without windows and ventilation to safe from beast and keep the room temperature still warm. Center of the room there is a furnace that is used for cooking and for room heating. As well as a gathering place for families.
